19 Also, several professional health associations endorsed the Therapeutic Fraud Prevention Act, a federal bill that would have prohibited the practice of conversion therapy, including the National Association of School Psychologists, the American Psychoanalytic Association, the American Counseling Association, and the American Academy of Pediatrics. 18 In addition, ACA members sent 79 letters to the Governor and 84 letters to state legislators in support of the bill. For example, the CEO of the American Counseling Association (ACA) submitted testimony to the Illinois House and Senate in support of the state’s conversion therapy ban bill in 2015. 17 Several of these associations have called on Congress and state legislatures to pass laws that ban conversion therapy. 16Ī number of prominent national professional health associations-including the American Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, and the American Academy of Pediatrics, among others-have issued public statements opposing the use of conversion therapy because it is harmful and ineffective. 12 Some practitioners have also used “aversion treatments, such as inducing nausea, vomiting, or paralysis providing electric shocks or having the individual snap an elastic band around the wrist when the individual became aroused to same-sex erotic images or thoughts.” 13 Other practitioners have used non-aversive techniques such as attempting to “change thought patterns by reframing desires, redirecting thoughts, or using hypnosis.” 14Īn estimated 698,000 LGBT adults in the U.S have received conversion therapy either from a licensed professional or a religious advisor or from both at some point in their lives, 15 including about 350,000 LGBT adults who received conversion therapy as adolescents.
Currently, talk therapy is the most commonly used therapy technique. 11 Throughout the history of conversion therapy, a range of techniques have been used by both health care professionals and religious figures seeking to change people’s sexual orientation or gender identity. Academic literature has documented instances of conversion therapy being used as early as the 1890s and continuing through the present day. 10Ĭonversion therapy has been practiced in the U.S. This report updates conversion therapy estimates published by the Williams Institute in January 2018. An estimated 57,000 youth (ages 13-17) across all states will receive conversion therapy from religious or spiritual advisors before they reach the age of 18.10,000 LGBT youth (ages 13-17) live in states that ban conversion therapy and have been protected from receiving conversion therapy from a licensed health care professional before age 18.
1 Conversion therapy is practiced by some licensed professionals in the context of providing health care and by some clergy or other spiritual advisors in the context of religious practice. It is intended to change the sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression of LGBT people. Infographics Visualizations of our researchĬonversion therapy, also known as sexual orientation or gender identity change efforts, is a practice grounded in the belief that being LGBT is abnormal.
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